5 February 2018
Ivan Reyna-Llorens, Steven J. Burgess, Gregory Reeves, Pallavi Singh, Sean R. Stevenson, Ben P. Williams, Susan Stanley, and Julian M. Hibberd - PNAS, 2018
We describe an ancient regulatory code that patterns the gene expression required for the efficient C4 pathway. This code is based on two regulatory elements located in exonic sequence that act cooperatively to repress transcription in specific cells. As these regulators are located in gene bodies they determine amino acid sequence as well as gene expression and so are known as duons. They are found in multiple genes and are not restricted to C4 species, but rather found in all land plants and even some algae. The prevalence of these motifs has likely facilitated the repeated evolution of the complex C4 system, and they also provide a mechanism that could be used to engineer photosynthesis.
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