1 May 2018

Comparative genomics of the nonlegume Parasponia reveals insights into evolution of nitrogen-fixing rhizobium symbioses

Robin van Velzen , Rens Holmer , Fengjiao Bu, Luuk Rutten, Arjan van Zeijl, Wei Liu, Luca Santuari, Qingqin Cao, Trupti Sharma, Defeng Shen, Yuda Roswanjaya, Titis A K Wardhani, Maryam Seifi Kalhor, Joelle Jansen, Johan van den Hoogen, Berivan Güngör, Marijke Hartog, Jan Hontelez, Jan Verver, Wei-Cai Yang, Elio Schijlen, Rimi Repin, Menno Schilthuizen, M Eric Schranz, Renze Heidstra, Kana Miyata, Elena Fedorova, Wouter Kohlen, Ton Bisseling, Sandra Smit, Rene Geurts - PNAS, 2018

Abstract

Fixed nitrogen is essential for plant growth. Some plants, such as legumes, can host nitrogen-fixing bacteria within cells in root organs called nodules. Nodules are considered to have evolved in parallel in different lineages, but the genetic changes underlying this evolution remain unknown. Based on gene expression in the nitrogen-fixing nonlegume Parasponia andersonii and the legume Medicago truncatula, we find that nodules in these different lineages may share a single origin. Comparison of the genomes of Parasponia with those of related nonnodulating plants reveals evidence of parallel loss of genes that, in legumes, are essential for nodulation. Taken together, this raises the possibility that nodulation originated only once and was subsequently lost in many descendant lineages.

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